The + is the big male connector and the - is the small male connector.
As for the amp, I'd run a hot wire straight to the battery and your ground, either to the frame or to the battery also. And don't forget the blue remote wire, also. This wire should be wired directly from the stereo to the amp. This wire turns the amp on when the stereo is turned on.
If your hooking up an amp, I wouldn't worry about the stock - or the +. Just wire the amp to the speakers and match the - and + wire. Most speaker wire has a stripe on it. I usually use the stripe as the positive. So, if you put the striped wire in the + and the nonstriped in the -. Do the same in the speaker.
And the little tap on the tweeter? push it in.
Hope this helps you out!