The Race Fueler is an add-on box similar to other such boxes common before the flash based tuning systems became available. It isn't married to the ECM, it just plugs in between the ECM and the injectors and modifies the signal from the ECM to the injectors. For instance, lets say the ECM is calling for the injector pulse to be XXX milliseconds. Depending on how you set the potentiometers on the Fueler, that pulse will be modified to xxx plus or minus the setting in the Fueler. Back in the day it was often good enough to make the bikes run better by eliminating the excessively lean stock settings, but they offered very limited adjustments. A step up from those kinds of devices would be the old Power Commanders, which are also just add-on boxes but with a much more sophisticated system that allows for finer adjustment of fuel and ignition over 250 rpm steps. The ultimate system is of course the modern flash tuning systems that modify the calibration in the ECM, with no add-on box.
Jerry