Full explanation of how the wide band works...
Here: http://www.megamanual.com/PWC/LSU4.htm
Right under the included picture at the top, we read:
"Instead of switching back and forth from rich to lean, like conventional "narrow band" exhaust gas oxygen sensor designs, the wide-band sensor produces a signal that is directly proportional to the air/fuel ratio produced by the fuel injection controller."
Yes, the output of the sensor's
controller does not "switch", but later on, about 2/3 down the page, close after the chart showing the relationships between major emission constituents at various AFR values, we read:
"To sense a wide range of air/fuel ratios, the oxygen pump uses a heated cathode and anode to pull some oxygen from the exhaust into a "diffusion" gap between the two components. ... the Precision Wideband Controller measures the time when the reference cell passes through 0.45 volts. It can then adjust the PWM timing to bracket this 0.45 volt stoichiometric flipping point."
It "brackets" the 0.45 volt flipping point. In other words, its "loop" acts internally much like the closed-loop fuel control scheme in our ECM which drives its
fuel both sides of targeted sensor output voltage, bracketing that voltage. With our stock systems this could reliably occur on successive engine cycles only up to perhaps 2000 rpm (an engine cycle period of 60 ms). The (stock) sensor element response time is rated at "<100 ms" for switching voltage from rich/lean either direction (
https://delphi.com/shared/pdf/ppd/sensors/mini-switching-oxygen-sensors.pdf ) which is about the same as the time indicated immediately after the first blurb I quoted above: "The wide band oxygen sensor responds to changes in the air/fuel mixture in less than 100 milliseconds". This serves to clearly illustrate that the "wideband" sensor's controller is indeed using its sensing element as the "switching sensor" that it is. It's just coming at its conclusion from a different direction. That document only states, however, that the
sensor responds that quickly; not that the
controller output does.
It seems obvious to me that you wouldn't want to use a bracketing closed-loop scheme on
both the fuel injectors
and a sensor's internal "pump" unless you could precisely synchronize them, else it could result in even wider swings than necessary. A question naturally arises about checking one bracketing closed-loop system with a separate one: is it possible to find yourself obtaining only the high or only the low fueling swings while sampling closed-loop engine activity with an external probe? At least at times? Is it really safe to say "Wow, look at the crappy closed-loop AFR line I got off this TTS v-tuned bike!"?