Hmmm. I can't say as I've ever pondered the question.
My first I impression - from a physics standpoint - is that it shouldn't really matter.
HP = (TQ x RPM) / 5252.
So mathematically, wouldn't the values be similar in whichever gear your in...
...as the relationships between HP and TQ will be the same regardless of how fast
your turning the treadmill. The variances in observed performance would
be due to the ability and accuracy of the instruments and individual...wouldn't they?
Again, never considered the question, and perhaps my early morning logic is flawed.
The type of dynamometer used is a big part of the equation, not just the simple formula. The type of chassis dynamometer used by most places is an inertia unit. It basically just measures the rate of acceleration of a drum of known mass, and then uses mathematical algorithms to
approximate HP and Torque values. One of the guys who actually uses one of these things all the time would be the best person to explain it in detail, but basically an inertia dynamometer is just a tool for the tuner. The good ones these days add a brake of one sort or another that allows for tuning at part throttle and variable load, which is how these bikes are really ridden 98% of the time and are thus the most important areas IMHO.
If the software is set up to compensate for the actual gear ratio being used, one might think the results would be the same no matter which gear the operator makes the run in. However, I've seen comparisons before and there always seems to be a small difference when using say fourth gear and then fifth gear. I chalk that up to the fact those numbers are a result of many mathematical calculations and as we all know, rounding of numbers in a long chain of calculations can result in noticeable differences in final results. As long as we go back to the true purpose of this kind of dynamometer, any small differences don't mean a thing. If the only thing people care about is the WOT chart and maximum numbers for bragging rights, they can have a smart operator tweak things to produce whatever numbers they want.
JMHO - Jerry