JD,
The compensator is a mechanical shock-absorbing device mounted on the left end of the crankshaft. It's purpose is to "soften" the shock to the primary drive and transmission that occurs when the engine fires, and conversely the shock to the engine when you downshift, drop the clutch, etc. It basically consists of two pieces with mating ramps and a spring to hold the two parts together. One part is splined to the crankshaft, the other is the sprocket which transfers power to the primary drive chain and clutch. Shock loads cause the ramps to try to climb each other, compressing the spring and resulting in a slight cushioning affect. Couldn't find a decent picture, so I hope this description helps.
Changing to the 84 map with the SERT wouldn't cause or worsen this, it's a mechanical issue that was exacerbated by Harley's change to the starting routine to make the bike start quicker.
Jerry